NSF's Broader Impacts criterion is equally weighted with Intellectual Merit — yet most proposals treat it as an afterthought. Strong broader impacts aren't a checkbox. They're a strategic investment in your proposal's competitiveness.
What NSF means by broader impacts: Broader impacts are the potential to benefit society and contribute to specific desired societal outcomes. This includes, but is not limited to: training the next generation of scientists, broadening participation of underrepresented groups, building research infrastructure, and translating knowledge into societal benefits.
Categories of strong broader impacts: • Education and training: mentoring undergraduates, graduate students, or postdocs; curriculum development; K-12 outreach with clear metrics. • Broadening participation: working with HBCUs, tribal colleges, community colleges, or directly with underrepresented students. • Infrastructure: developing publicly available datasets, software, or methods; open-source code releases. • Societal benefit: clear connection between the research and a health, economic, or environmental outcome. • Public engagement: science communication, museum partnerships, policy briefings.
What makes a weak broader impacts section: • Vague commitments ("we will train graduate students") without specific numbers or plans. • Broader impacts that are disconnected from the research — a marine biologist with a literacy program needs to explain the connection. • No metrics or evaluation plan — reviewers want to know how you'll know if your activities succeeded. • Listing activities you already do regardless of this grant — show that the award enables new impact.
Writing strategy: • Lead with your most compelling activity, not a list. • Quantify: number of students, anticipated publications, planned workshops. • Connect impacts to the research — the best broader impacts emerge naturally from the science. • Include a brief evaluation framework.